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Kamis, 30 Desember 2010

Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense dapat dinyatakan dengan menggunakan 3 pola berikut:
Subject + will + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + [(is/am/are/) going to] + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + (is/am/are/) + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier

Note:

* In American English, auxiliary shall (i.e. sepupunya will) sudah sangat jarang digunakan.Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini tidak membahas penggunaan shall.
* Pola yang ketiga ini sama dengan Present continuous tense. Penggunaannya khusus untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang direncanakan akan dilakukan. (Lihat penggunaan simple future tense yang kedua).

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan).
2. Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester. (Beberapa siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan).
3. Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning. (Transpirasi akan mulai meningkat besok pagi).

Penggunaan Simple Future Tense

Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang akan terjadi/dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang, apakah 10 menit atau 1 jam yang akan datang, besok, lusa, minggu depan, bulan depan, tahun depan, dan seterusnya. Jika past tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas setelah now (past time), simple future tense menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas sebelum now (future time).

Berikut adalah 5 kategori penggunaan Simple Future Tense, yaitu:

1. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang diprediksi akan terjadi/dilakukan.

Contoh:

1. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalan cuaca, besok akan hujan).
2. None of us have done the homework the teacher told us to do. He will be very disappointed when he finds out.
3. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, will come too.
4. I will probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch
5. The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.

Kelima contoh kalimat di atas juga dapat dinyatakan dengan pola yang kedua menjadi:

1. According to the weather forecast, it is going to rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalan cuaca, besok akan hujan).
2. None of us did the homework the teacher had told us to do. He is going to be very disappointed when he finds out.
3. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, is going to come too.
4. I am probably going to see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. The damage we do to our forest today is going to result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.

2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian/aktivitas yang direncanakan akan terjadi/dilakukan.

Jika aktivitas yang akan dilakukan telah direncanakan/diniatkan sebelumnya, gunakan pola yang kedua atau ketiga.

Contoh:

1. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight.
2. He has an appointment. He is going to meet his business partner at noon.
3. I am going to go to the shopping mall. Do you want to go with me?
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010.
5. He is going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning.

Kelima contoh kalimat di atas juga dapat dinyatakan dengan pola yang ketiga menjadi:

1. Ronny is coming to my house at 7 o’clock tonight.
2. He has an appointment. He is meeting his business partner at noon.
3. I am going to the shopping mall Do you want to go with me?
4. The next world cup championship is being held in South Africa in 2010.
5. He is leaving for Bali tomorrow morning.

3. Untuk menyatakan kesudian/kesanggupan melakukan sesuatu.

Untuk kategori ini, gunakan pola yang pertama.

1. Why don’t you ask John? He will happily help you do your homework.
2. She will voluntarily teach us how to write in English well.
3. Let’s go to the canteen. I will treat you. (Saya akan traktir kamu).
4. You look thirsty. I will get a glass of water for you.
5. I will open the door for you.

4. Untuk membuat main clause pengandaian yang bersifat hipotesa (hypothetical conditional); Artinya, apa yang akan terjadi pada main clause, tergantung pada apa yang terjadi pada anak kalimat (sub-clause) dari kalimat pengandaian tersebut.

Contoh:

1. If she comes tonight, I will not go out. (Jika dia datang malam ini, saya tidak akan keluar rumah). Sebaliknya, jika dia tidak datang, saya akan keluar rumah.
2. If you study hard, your English will steadily improve. (Jika kamu belajar keras, bahasa Inggris kamu akan terus meningkat).
3. If we succeed, our parents will be very proud of us. (Jika kita sukses, orang-orang tua kita akan sangat bangga dengan kita).
4. If you apply fertilizers optimally, the crop yields will increase. (Jika kamu mengaplikasikan pupuk secara optimal, hasil-hasil tanaman akan meningkat).
5. If pests are controlled properly, there will be no failure in crop production. (Jika hama-hama dikendalikan secara tepat, tidak akan ada kegagalan dalam produksi tanaman).

5. Untuk membuat request dan command lebih formal atau lebih sopan.

Contoh:

1. Will you take care of my plants while I am gone, please! (Tolong rawat tanaman-tanaman saya selama saya pergi!).
2. Will you return my book tomorrow, please! I need to study it for the exam. (Tolong kembalikan buku saya besok. Saya perlu mempelajari untuk (mempersiapkan diri) ujian).
3. Will you give me some sugar, please! (Tolong beri saya sedikit gula).
4. Will you pick up the phone, please! (Tolong angkat telponnya).
5. Will you go out with me tonight, please! (Pergilah kencan dengan saya malam ini).

Note: Simple present tense juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan future time, khusus untuk kejadian/aktivitas yang sudah terjadwal. Hanya ada beberapa verbs yang bisa digunakan di sini, antara lain:
open
close

begin
end

start
finish

arrive
leave

come
return

Contoh:

1. I have to transfer money now but it’s already 2 o’clock. Don’t worry. You still have time. The bank closes at 4 o’clock.
2. Classes begin next week.
3. The train arrives at 11 p.m. tonight.
4. The first flight leaves at 6 a.m. tomorrow.
5. The ceremony starts at 11. It’s about in half an hour. (Upacaranya mulai jam 11. Kurang lebih setengah jam lagi).

Modifier of time untuk Simple Future Tense

Modifier of time (keterangan waktu)yang umum digunakan pada Simple Future Tense dapat berupa:

1. singgle word : tomorrow (besok), soon (segera), tonight (sebentar malam). Note: Tonight bermakna future time jika pada saat mengekspresikan suatu kejadian/aktivitas belum malam (i.e. baru jam 5 sore, 2 sore, atau masih 10 pagi ect). Tetapi jika misalnya pada jam 8 malam anda sedang berduaan dengan pacar, tonight berarti malam ini (i.e. bermakna now). I am with my boy-/girlfriend tonight. I am so happy. Tonight is one of my greatest nights in my whole life.
2. phrase : next week (minggu depan), next month (bulan depan), next year (tahun depan), etc.
3. clause : when she arrives, if the rain falls tomorrow, etc. Remember: clause (i.e. adverbial clause) untuk simple future tense selalu dalam present tense. Jangan dinyatakan dalam future tense. INCORRECT jika when she will arrive; if the rain will fall tomorrow.

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif Simple Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not setelah will atau setelah be. Perhatikan pola berikut:
Subject + will + not + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + [(is/am/are/) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier
Subject + (is/am/are/) + not + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month (Petani-petani di Jati Bali tidak akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan).
2. Some students are not going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester (Beberapa siswa tidak akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan).
3. Transpiration will not start to increase tonight. (Transpirasi tidak akan mulai meningkat malam ini).
4. According to the weather forecast, it will not rain tomorrow.
5. He will not be very happy when he finds out.
6. I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, will not come.
7. I will not probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch
8. Ronny is not going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight
9. He is not going to meet his business partner at noon.
10. I am not going to go to the shopping mall.
11. He is not going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning. etc.

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Future Tense adalah dengan menempatkan will atau be di awal kalimat (sebelum subject):
Will + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?
(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + [going to] + verb1+ object + modifier?
(Is/Am/Are/) + subject + (verb1+ing )+ object + modifier?

Contoh:

1. Will farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops next month? (Apakah petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan depan?).
2. Are some students going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester? (Apakah beberapa siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester depan?).
3. Will transpiration start to increase tomorrow morning? (Apakah transpirasi akan mulai meningkat besok pagi?).
4. According to the weather forecast, will it rain tomorrow?
5. Will he be very happy when he finds out?
6. Will Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, come too?
7. Will I probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch?
8. Is Ronny going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight?
9. Is he going to meet his business partner at noon?
10. Are you going to go to the shopping mall?
11. Is he going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning? etc.

Note: Bentuk negatif dan interogatif dari future time yang menggunakan pola present continous tense dan simple present tense mengikuti ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah dibahas pada present continous tense dan simple present tense.

Future Simple

Simple future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang akan dilakukan pada masa yang akan datang.

Kalimat simple future tense dapat dibentuk menggunakan will atau be going to.

Pola I (will)
(+) S + will + V1
(-) S + will + not + V1
(?) Will + S + V1

Pola II (will be + Adj/Adv/N)
(+) S + will + be + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + will + not + be + Adj/Adv/N
(?) Will + S + be + Adj/Adv/N

Pola III (going to)
(+) S + to be + going to + V1
(-) S + to be + not + going to + V1
(?) To be + S + going to + V1

Pola IV (going to + be + Adj/Adv/N)
(+) S + to be + going to + be + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + to be + not + going to + be + Adj/Adv/N
(?) To be + S + going to + be + Adj/Adv/N

Contoh kalimat pola I:
I will see you tomorrow.
She will not come here next Sunday.
Will Tom come tomorrow?

Contoh kalimat pola II:
I will be in class tomorrow.
He will not be late.
Will she be back for dinner?

Contoh kalimat pola III:
I am going to be swim tomorrow.
He is not going to play football this afternoon.
Are you going to come to class tomorrow?

Contoh kalimat pola IV:
They are going to be proud of me.
Tom is not going to be here tomorrow.
Is she going to be in class tomorrow?


Catatan

Untuk subjek I dan we, selain menggunakan will juga dapat menggunakan shall.
I shall know more next month, I hope.
We shall arrive tomorrow.

Simple Future Tense
I will sing
The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.
How do we make the Simple Future Tense?
The structure of the simple future tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb WILL + main verb
invariable base
will V1
For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I will open the door.
+ You will finish before me.
- She will not be at school tomorrow.
- We will not leave yet.
? Will you arrive on time?
? Will they want dinner?
When we use the simple future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:
I will I'll
you will you'll
he will
she will
it will he'll
she'll
it'll
we will we'll
they will they'll
For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won't, like this:
I will not I won't
you will not you won't
he will not
she will not
it will not he won't
she won't
it won't
we will not we won't
they will not they won't
How do we use the Simple Future Tense?
No Plan
We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:
• Hold on. I'll get a pen.
• We will see what we can do to help you.
• Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.
In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking.
We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:
• I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
• I think I will have a holiday next year.
• I don't think I'll buy that car.
Prediction
We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:
• It will rain tomorrow.
• People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
• Who do you think will get the job?
Be
When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:
• I'll be in London tomorrow.
• I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.
• Will you be at work tomorrow?
Note that when we have a plan or intention to do something in the future, we usually use other tenses or expressions, such as the present continuous tense or going to.

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